The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

Big integrated steel mills like those operated by U.S. Steel and ArcelorMittal in Northwest Indiana have forged iron in towering blast furnaces that make high-quality metal for cars, appliances, and ...

There are two basic ways to make steel in this country. One is from scratch. The other is by recycling. And as you might expect, the scale is now balanced toward recycling. Slightly less than 60 ...