Charles Handy’s theory outlines four organizational cultures — power, role, task and person — each shaping how companies operate and employees interact.

Edgar Schein's theory defines culture through three levels: artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions that shape how organizations truly operate.

Max Weber, a German sociologist, argued that bureaucracy was the most efficient model for private businesses and public offices. His theories influenced generations of business leaders and politicians ...

In "Mintzberg on Management," management theorist Henry Mintzberg expresses surprise at the dearth of research examining the role of managers, despite the fascination Americans seem to have with them.

Sixty years ago, social psychologist Douglas McGregor developed two different theories — Theory X and Theory Y — about how managers perceive employees. Theory X managers are authoritarian. They ...

The Theory X and Theory Y management styles were introduced by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book, "The Human Side of Enterprise." He identified two distinct approaches to management and labeled them ...