In this paper, a dual-parameter liquid level and refractive index (R.I.) sensor is fabricated using three pieces of bare polymer optical fibers (POFs), which can independently and simultaneously sense ...

Air bubble sensors are used to detect air or gas bubbles in flexible clear plastic tubes. They are intended to prevent air infusions. The air bubble sensor has no contact with the liquid and is ...

Monitoring water quality is essential in order to gain a deeper understanding and ensure the long-term preservation of aquatic ecosystems. In this context, fiber optics represent an innovative and ...