Curtain walls are the first structural element that subjected to wind loads. There are cases in which wind loads controls the structural design of curtain walls that may include bluff body ...

Crib retaining walls are a form of gravity wall. They are constructed of interlocking individual boxes made from timber or pre-cast concrete. Then, the boxes are filled with crushed stone or other ...

What is a Surge Tank? A surge tank is a water storage device used as a pressure neutralizer in a hydropower water conveyance system to resists excess pressure rise and pressure drop conditions. The ...

Structural glass skeletons represent a groundbreaking advancement in architectural engineering, transforming glass from a purely aesthetic feature into a primary load-bearing material. These systems ...

Jointed unreinforced concrete slabs can be used in different applications which include airfield taxiway as it can be seen in Figure-4, airfield aprons see Figure-5, and industrial yard as shown in ...

Formwork (shuttering) in concrete construction is used as a mold for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently. Types of concrete formwork construction depends on ...

In an era when sustainability has become an important benchmark for forward-thinking buildings, it's inspiring to see how far architecture and design have come in the pursuit of creating a more ...

Earthen roads are laid with soil. They are cheaper than all types of roads. This type of road is provided for fewer traffic areas or countryside areas. A good drainage system should be provided, which ...

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Shingles are available from the market in the form of strips. They are laid over the concrete decks or boards laid over the roof area and pressed by means of nails. Proper alignment of the strips ...

To construct a foundation, trenches are dig deeper into the soil till a hard stratum is reached. To get stronger base foundation concrete is poured into this trench. These trenches are incorporated ...

Concrete is the most commonly used material when it comes to swimming pool construction. A concrete swimming pool is designed to take up full water load along with the capacity to withstand large ...