Differential Association Theory, developed by Edwin Sutherland, explains that criminal behavior—including juvenile delinquency—is learned through social interactions, particularly within intimate ...

Educational and vocational training is provided to equip children with skills for self-reliance and reintegration into society. The child’s progress is regularly monitored, and pre-release and ...

The JJ Act explicitly overrides other laws, including the IPC and CrPC, in cases involving juveniles. Regardless of the nature or severity of the offence, once it is established that the accused is a ...

Society organizes educational, cultural, and recreational activities that engage youth in positive pursuits, thereby reducing idle time and negative influences. Public awareness initiatives inform ...

India is also a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which has influenced domestic law and policy. The National Policy for Children (2013) further outlines ...

Juvenile delinquency in India is influenced by a complex interplay of social, economic, psychological, and environmental factors. The following are the primary reasons: ...

Public utilities—especially those created by statute, performing public functions, and under significant government control—are considered "State" for the purpose of Article 12 of the Constitution of ...

Recent Supreme Court judgments reaffirm the judiciary’s commitment to a rehabilitative and child-centric approach under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 (JJ Act). The ...

The Consumer Protection Act in India, most recently updated in 2019, grants consumers several explicit rights to protect them from unfair trade practices and ensure their interests are safeguarded in ...

Tortious liability refers to the legal responsibility of an entity to compensate for harm or injury caused by its wrongful acts or negligence. In India, public corporations—such as LIC or Food ...

Article 16 and Article 311 of the Indian Constitution play a significant role in shaping the employment landscape and service conditions within public utilities and other government-run or controlled ...

The Indian Parliament and State Legislatures have the constitutional authority to legislate on public utilities, as per the division of powers in the Union and State Lists (Schedule VII of the ...