GeoKhan Academy on Instagram: "This is how vesicles form in Basalt 1. Magma Contains Dissolved Volatiles • Basaltic magma, which originates from partial melting of the mantle, contains dissolved gases such as: • H₂O (water vapor) • CO₂ (carbon dioxide) • SO₂, H₂, and other minor gases • These gases stay dissolved at high pressures deep within the Earth. ⸻ 2. Ascent & Pressure Drop • When basaltic magma rises toward the surface (mid-ocean ridges, oceanic hotspots, continental rifts, or flood basa

Hadean in 60s: Magma Oceans & Impacts

Black Tourmaline — the warrior stone of the Earth. Forged in magma, shaped by pressure, born where lightning meets rock. It carries both chaos and order — a conductor of raw elemental power. Every crystal holds two poles, positive and negative, generating its own electric life. This is not myth — tourmaline truly creates electricity when heated or rubbed. It balances electromagnetic fields, stabilizes tension, grounds the body and mind. Since ancient times, it has been called the stone that eats